Before the introduction of Buddhism in Bhutan, Bön religion was prevalent in Bhutan. Some scholars assert that it was imported from Tibet and India, perhaps in the eighth century when Padmasambhava introduced his lineagues of Buddhism, tantrism and mysticism into Tibet and the Himalaya. Some scholars hold that Bön doctrine became so strongly reinvigorated in Bhutan by Buddhism that by the eleventh century it reasserted itself as an independent school. Bön continues to be practiced in modern Bhutan.
Scofield (1976: p. 669), one of the first western journalists into Bhutan, outlined that:
One Sunday I watched the monks shape an elaborate offering of dough and colored butter and put it atop a roof...as a treat for the ravens. "All living things are sacred," a monk explained, "but especially the ravens. They spend their days repeating one of our holy syllables, 'Ah! Ah! Ah!'" Killing a raven, he informed me, would be as great a sin as slaughtering a thousand monks...
The dough offering is what is known as a torma. The sacred syllable 'Ah', the first letter and sound of the Sanskrit and Tibetan languages, is a bija mantra about which volumes have been written in Hinduism, Tantra, Bon and Vajrayana Buddhist doctrine. Raven are sacred in many traditions and for many peoples.
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